• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method, a device and a coder for voice activity detection are provided. The method for voice activity detection includes: obtaining the fluctuating characteristic values for representing the fluctuating value of the background noise, when the input signal is the background noise (101); self-adaptively adjusting the parameters related to the judgment criterion of voice activity detection VAD according to the fluctuating characteristic values (102); VAD judging the input signal using the self-adaptively adjusted parameters related to the judgment criterion (103).
    公开号:ES2592827A2
    申请号:ES201690007
    申请日:2013-10-20
    公开日:2016-12-01
    发明作者:Luis MATA PALMA
    申请人:TECAMBYOT SLU；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:


    DESCRIPTION


     CERAMIC MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF FLUIDS. 5
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    Traditional ceramics is an industrial sector linked to the local existence of raw materials and with an emerging construction market around capable of absorbing the large productions to which these industries are designed by inertia. 10
    The water treatment sector is moving towards higher quality both in the supply for human consumption and in the purification and subsequent reuse of already used water. This development and greater demands in the first world have synergies in less developed countries that can use new technologies, even more so in those that have 15 shortages and thriving economies due to abundant resources in raw materials. Thus the desalination of water becomes one of the great challenges in those countries with scarcity.
    The ceramic sector and in particular its industrial capacity are directed once the construction markets are mature towards new and innovative products, but hardly towards the environmental sector because in principle it is a very distant market from its natural market, even more if the Market is global, when its natural building is local.
    The water sector has among its most technological treatments membrane technology, they are physical processes that without additives operate in the separation of different parts of fluids in general, water, air and any other fluid. It is a global market in which technology advances between two materials, polymers of plastic and ceramic materials.
    We could frame the invention within the water technology sector and the advanced ceramics industry, and more specifically within 30 global manufacturers of fluid treatment technology, which manufacture advanced ceramics and their complementary equipment.
    The novelty of this invention is that the industry used is not that of advanced ceramics but the traditional one, and the market for this invention is not that of ceramic membranes but that of water. 35


    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    Currently there are advanced developments in the field of membranes, in the sector of the agri-food and pharmaceutical industry ceramic membranes are normally used, the aggressiveness of the cleaning protocols and the high temperatures make the ceramic membranes almost exclusively used. In the treatment of water, it is the polymeric membranes that, due to their low cost and good performance, monopolize the market.
    The design of an apparatus or machine for the treatment of fluids with 10 membranes requires a good knowledge of different materials; on the one hand the deep knowledge of the behavior of the raw materials involved in the manufacture of the membranes and the industrial manufacturing process, on the other the design of the equipment that hydraulically better behaves and is more energy efficient, and finally a good knowledge that protocols will be used to clean and recover membranes when they get dirty or saturated. On this there are many patents for both ceramic and polymeric membranes.
    In general, the polymer membrane industry has evolved more towards an efficient industrialization that has resulted in a low cost in relation to the ceramics that are manufactured almost by hand.
    There are not enough developments in ceramic membrane producers that lead to efficient industrialization and that lower production costs nor a less demanding adequacy in the formulation of raw materials that is valid for water treatment. 25 This is what this invention is about.
    During the years 2010 and 2011 we tested various ceramic formulations with conventional clays for the realization of membranes for fluid treatment.
     30 There are patents and publications in this regard, two of them BELONGING TO THE COMPANY TECAMBYOT SLU, in which by adding olive bones, more coal and other organic waste, ceramic pastes are obtained with "more / less" functional applications in the treatment of fluids .
     35 Without exception, all these patented or published products suffer from the same problems, their durability and their resistance to the chemical attacks required for cleaning these membranes when they are
    They get stuck. Problem contrasted in our investigations of the past 2012 and 13 years.
     The foregoing motivates that in 2012 and 2013, our investigations will be aimed at obtaining adequate cleaning agents or components of these ceramic pastes that, while maintaining more than 50% of the traditional clay compositions, will improve their mechanical and chemical resistance.
     After almost two years, and the collaboration of experts in the field and together with 10 our work team, additions of advanced ceramic oxides of alumina, titanium and zirconium milled and fluidized were achieved without compromising the pressures to which they are extruded and the temperatures Maximum cooking temperatures of the traditional brick industry would allow us to gain these minimum required strengths. fifteen
     I want to say that this realization of a mixture of advanced ceramic oxides such as alumina, titanium and zirconium with percentages of up to 50% of the mixture, rest with traditional ceramics is new in the art and was never done to date. twenty
      Thus, ceramic pastes were designed to allow the use of both the ovens and the existing extruders already amortized and ruined by the crisis.
     25 For this, it was necessary to use extrusion pressures below 40 bars (such as bricks) and sintering below 1,200 degrees (such as bricks).
     This is easily achieved with conventional clays, but if you also need high mechanical and chemical resistance and at the same time maintain the pressures and temperatures, the technique is complicated, since the advanced ceramics sinter at almost 1,400 degrees and are extruded to more than 100 bars .
     35 Never before has the industrial machinery of a brick factory for membrane construction been used for the international water market.
      40



    These are prepared for operation in a tangential filtration equipment with membranes.
    The invention is about conventionally used ceramic compositions for the manufacture of construction and decoration materials such as 5 bricks or tiles to which their properties are modified to functionalize these pieces and can be properly installed in a filtration equipment for other functions very different from those Conventional art of building materials.
    Conventional structural parts are called bricks, the 10 modified and obtained by this invention are called membrane filters.
    It is about circulating a fluid at a certain pressure and speed inside the membranes, so that the fluid in contact in these circumstances with the active layer of the membrane crosses the barrier that the membrane supposes, in this action the components of the fluid larger than the pore of the membrane will not pass through the remaining part of the fluid that is called retained, the other fraction or part of the fluid (the one that crosses the active layer and then the rest of the layers and support until reaching the outside), is called permeate and logically it is free 20 of those particles with sizes larger than the pores of the membrane.
    We have designed a horizontal platform or frame with bearings on which the membranes will rest. To ensure the exact position of the membranes (very important for subsequent closure and tightness), separators have been designed on the support tray. See figure 11. 25
    The invention includes the possibility of generating parallelepipedic pieces with their edges of the female male cross-section, this allows the option of admitting two or three rows in height of membranes each tray (one on top of others held between each two separators), being configured each tray up to a maximum of 20 x 3 membranes. In turn 30 each treatment unit may have up to 5 trays that can repeat the configuration of number and position of membranes here.
    We have also designed a structure that supports up to 5 membrane trays.
    A variant of the machine consists of the installation of the separators of the membranes with a length of up to 100 cm high and flat shape capable of housing one on top of the other up to 3 parallelepiped pieces joined by simple support from one on top of the other, ( figure 14), each tray being able
    house up to 20 membranes in one height, or 60 in three heights. In turn, each of the up to 5 modules that the treatment unit may have repeat this option.
    The set is called a cassette and each module tray, thus forming each cassette with up to 5 modules or trays of up to 60 5 membranes each, whose mission is, that of the central part (figure 11) to support and ensure the relative position of the ceramic pieces, and the mission of the other two (those that are homologous and symmetrical) is to press and seal the assembly as well as being a means of entry and collection of fluid to or from the membranes. 10
    Since the cassette stores several heights, a tray bearing system is provided in such a way that a possible rupture of a membrane makes it possible to replace it with relative simplicity. See figure 16.
    Once so many necessary membranes are placed in their exact position and with their chosen characteristics (which confers the process and raw materials chosen in the invention) a pumping system and a storage tank for the fluid to be injected are necessary for operation. auxiliary of the filtration unit that allows to distribute and circulate the fluid through the membranes and collect at its exit the unfiltered; also a tray that collects the permeate, made of stainless steel 20 or plastic, from here it will be stored in a tank. For cleaning, the machine must have an auxiliary tank for the storage of a cleaning solution for the ceramic pieces.
    For this we have designed some intake and collection parts for each assembly or module or membrane tray that will be manufactured in stainless steel or plastic, these assemblies are interconnected before and after the process and it is a pump that is responsible for providing the fluid of pressure and speed during the process.
    These pieces of admission and collection of the fluid that are hollow prismatic shaped steel or plastic, these have perforations in one of their 30 faces in order to distribute the fluid to as many holes as the cross section of the ceramic piece has, this face interposes an elastomeric joint (point 1 of figure 8), whose function is to correct small differences between the intake and the transverse connecting faces of the ceramic pieces; at the opposite end it has a perforation that is used for the general inlet or outlet of the fluid to the intake piece and from this it can be connected to the module's general distribution system. It also has another drilling whose mission is to incorporate a leak detection system or other turbulence in the fluid. They are also fixed in position on a mobile support that ensures the relative position of 40
    both systems, the membrane tray and the intake and collection assemblies.
     Also in the constitution of the machine there is a variant in the design of these intake and collection pieces, independent (two for each membrane), being able in this case to make independent and detect leaks in each membrane. Finally, we have designed under each module a permeate collection system consisting of a sheet.
    We have left out the invention to protect both the pumping system that is responsible for recirculating the fluid and the container that will contain the fluid, because it is not interesting or necessary for the complete definition of what we want to protect.
    In the second part of the invention, three ceramic pastes are claimed which are used to make bricks but in which a large part of the composition has been replaced by advanced ceramic oxides.
    The ceramic pastes are: 15
    1-50% of conventional clays used in the state of the art to make bricks and other ceramic construction pieces.
    The other 50% are made up of equal aluminum ceramic oxides, either alpha or beta alumina, and micronized carbon, indistinctly coming from this coal, from the olive residue or pruning of olive grove or 20 from petroleum coke.
    2- 25% of the mixture is formed by the following composition, between 40-60% of Si02, between 15-20% of Al2O3, between 3-6% of Fe2O3, between 2-6% of MgO, between 0- 4% of CaO, between 2-4% of Na2O, between 0-6% of K2O, and between 0-2 of TiO2. 25
    The other 75% are made up of equal parts ceramic oxides of Aluminum and Zirconium and micronized carbon, indistinctly from the latter from coal, from the residue of olive or pruning of olive grove or from petroleum coke.
    3-50% of the mixture is composed of 50% kaolinite, 22% magnesite, 13% alpha-30 quartz, 12% organic matter and 3% remains of Fe, Ca.
    The other 50% are made up of equal aluminum ceramic oxides, either alpha and beta alumina, Titanium and Zirconium and micronized carbon from this coal, from the olive or pruning residue of olive grove or petroleum coke 35
    To the previous ceramic pastes a usual procedure is applied in the state of the art of the brick industry but new in the industry of advanced ceramics and membranes, solving this addition a problem of double, baking oven temperature Traditional brick and on the other hand the improvement of the chemical resistance of the 5 bricks, both problems and solutions both not obvious because they come from different areas of the technique, the treatment of fluids and the manufacture of bricks.
    The manufacturing process and the resulting products consist of the following phases: 10
    - mix the defined components with water or fluidizer
    - Extrude this paste with a suitable mold to achieve tubular pieces of external diameters between 32 and 90 mm and parallel cross-sectional pieces from 20x200mm to 60x500 mm, 15
    -the extruded pieces are cut in lengths from 30 cm to 200 cm and dried
    -finally they are sintered at 1,250 ° C to achieve resistant ceramic pieces.
    The previous pieces are characterized by having the maximum of 20 square or circular channels that allow their cross-section, between a minimum of 5mm and 5mm dimension channels, up to a maximum of 2mm diameter channels and 2mm spacing.
    Finally, three other ceramic mixtures are claimed but in this case to serve as coating layers of the previous pieces. 25
    1-ceramic sheets of thicknesses between 1 and 100 microns according to state-of-the-art methods for this purpose but these sheets are characterized by being composed of mixtures of aluminum oxides (33%), titanium (33%) and zirconium (33%) and particle sizes between 1-10 microns
    2- ceramic sheets with a slip of clay powders according to state of the art methods, characterized by being composed of 50-70% Si02, between 10-30% Al2O3, between 3-6% Fe2O3, between 2 -6% MgO, between 0-4% CaO, between 2-4% Na2O, between 0-6%
    3- ceramic sheets of thicknesses between 1 and 100 microns composed of a mixture of aluminum oxides and particle sizes between 1-75 microns 35
    4- ceramic sheets with a slip of clay powders composed of 50% Kaolinite, 22% magnesite, 13% alpha quartz, 12% organic matter and 3% remains of Ca and K in the form of Cordierite at 1,150 ° C
    The previous ceramic sheets reivinvican their placement to the pieces obtained by the following procedure: 5
    -These components in alcoholic or aqueous medium make up a slip
    -the previous slip is injected inside the ceramic pieces, then the slip is removed leaving a wet sheet adhered to the inside of the walls of the pieces, 10
    - after drying and sintering above 1,000 ºC, it is fixed to the ceramic piece.
    In particular, the placement of the sheets 1 and 2 prior to the pieces obtained from the ceramic pastes 1, and the sheets 3 and 4 to the pieces obtained from the ceramic pastes 2 and 3 are claimed.

     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows a perspective of a type membrane that uses the machine, with parallelepipedic and tongue and groove. The elevation, plan and profile of the same are also attached. twenty
    Figure 2 shows a section of the membrane support with 5 channels of 28 x 40 mm.
    Figure 3 shows a section of the membrane support with 120 channels of 5 x 5 mm.
    Figure 4 shows a section of the membrane support of 200 channels of 25 5 x 5 mm.
    Figure 5 shows a perspective of a cylindrical shaped membrane type support, with a diameter of between 32 and 90 mm and a length of between 30 and 200 cm.
    Figure 6 shows a type section for the membrane support with a 5 mm channel arrangement and a minimum separation of 5 mm.
    Figure 7 shows a type section for the membrane support with an arrangement of 2 mm channels and a minimum separation of 2 mm. Both
    sections assume the upper and lower limits that the machine admits in its operation.
    Figure 8 shows the fluid inlet and outlet piece for a configuration of 20 membranes per tray, in it you can see the rubber transition zone between machine and membrane (1), about 5 lugs to ensure positioning and tightness of both (2), the fluid inlet and outlet elements, composed of a series of threaded inch sockets (3) and legs to ensure support and perpendicularity between this piece and the membranes (4).
    Figure 9 shows the same piece of Figure 8 with the same elements, 10 with the sole exception of being manufactured for a 10-membrane configuration.
    Figure 10 shows a fluid inlet and outlet part in the case of a configuration of individual parts in each membrane. In this piece metal parts have been added to ensure the position of the parallelepipedic membrane (5), the operation is similar to the pieces of figures 9 and 10.
    Figure 11 shows the structure responsible for supporting the membranes. It is a steel frame equipped with side dividers (6) to ensure the position of each membrane. It also has 20 nylon wheels (7) on stainless steel shafts (8) to be able to move them when making a membrane change.
    Figure 12 shows how each tray will be installed inside the frame. As can be seen, the support structure of the membranes, described in Figure 11, is supported on steel bars, thus ensuring its position and perpendicularity with the fluid intake parts. Guides (10) have been installed on each floor on which the water inlet and outlet elements will rest. Side spindles (9) have also been installed to be able to fix and press the parts described in Figures 8 to 10. 30
    Figure 13 shows a view of how the parallelepiped membranes are in each tray, before installing the input and output parts.
    Figure 14 shows a view of how the parallelepiped membranes are in the individual tray or module configuration with three heights.
    Figure 15 shows how each tray looks like with all the elements already installed and ready to operate. In it you can see the elements
    for securing the entire system (11) consisting of threaded rods through the lugs of the fluid inlet and outlet parts.
    Figure 16 shows the general structure of the machine with all the elements and ready to work together with the membranes, in this case one of three heights has been represented, being able to reach up to 5. 5


    DETAILED EXPLANATION OF AN EMBODIMENT
    The embodiment of the membrane supports of the present invention consists in executing the traditional methodology of the existing brick industries. This is to grind the different clays that will be used as raw material to the size indicated in the patent itself and mix them according to the indicated formulation. After mixing, they are humidified, with a percentage of less than 20% water and subsequent kneading. fifteen
    From the mixer they pass through an extruder machine that has nozzles in the shape of the membrane support to factories (cylindrical or parallelepipedic) and will be cut with the necessary size.
    After having the pieces with the desired shape, we go to the dryer, in which they will remain the adequate time for the moisture that it contains to be eliminated.
    The last step consists in cooking the pieces in a conventional oven, at temperatures below 1,200 ° C.
    The frame will be manufactured by using stainless steel (some parts can be replaced by plastic materials). The general structure 25 is formed by welded stainless steel square tubes.
    The wheels are formed by stainless steel bearings and nylon outer shell, custom-made around.
    Once both are done, the membranes are installed and the machine is ready to be used. 30

    INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
    Both the manufacture of the membranes and the assembly and manufacture of the equipment are fully industrializable; in the case of ceramic industrial membranes with virtually no modification of the conventional production process, and in the case of fully realizable equipment in series and scalable.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    40
    1- Fluid filtration unit of which any porous and hollow flat piece manufactured for this or another purpose is used as filter media, characterized in that this unit consists of up to five modules, each module contains between 20 and 60 pieces of the previously described, These pieces have a female male finish both in its transverse and longitudinal profile such that it allows stacking next to each other, each module is composed of a lower rolling frame where the pieces of each module and two extreme pieces support, the module assembly can go wrapped or not by a plastic or steel wrap that in turn joins the extreme pieces.
    2- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat piece manufactured for this or another purpose characterized in 1 is used as filtering means and for comprising fluid intake parts that are hollow prisms formed of steel or plastics, these they have perforations in one of their faces in order to distribute the fluid, between this face and the filter piece an elastomeric gasket is interposed, whose function is to correct small differences between the intake part and the transverse joining faces of the ceramic pieces; at the opposite end it has a perforation that is used for the general input or output of the fluid to the intake part and from this it can be connected to the general distribution system of the module, it also has another perforation whose mission is to incorporate a detection system of leaks or other turbulence in the fluid.
    3- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat piece manufactured for this or another purpose is used as filter media, characterized in 1 and 2 and because the part of the module that supports the membranes is composed of a steel frame or plastic with two lower bearings that allow it to move horizontally and allows access to the interior of the module without having to disassemble the upper modules.
    4- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat piece manufactured for this or another purpose is used as filter media, characterized in 1,2 and 3 and because the parts that support and fix the admission parts to the media Filters are composed of a frame with two bearings each that allows the approach to the frame that contains the membranes and is also characterized by having lugs that allow tensioning this part of the module and its output counterpart or screw or anchor the wrapping of the module.
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    5- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat part manufactured for this or another purpose, characterized in 1,2,3 and 4, is used as filter media and because the different modules that compose them are independent and can be disassembled by be simply supported by a male-female system.
    6- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat part manufactured for this or another purpose, characterized in 1,2,3,4,5, is used as filter media, and because each module has a tray for collecting the liquid permeated by the membranes as a result of the filtering operation.
    7- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat part manufactured for this or another purpose, characterized in 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 is used as filter media and because the intake parts to the Ceramic pieces are individual for each ceramic piece.
    8- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat part manufactured for this or another purpose, characterized in 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7 is used as filter media, and because the separators of the membranes have a length of up to 100 cm high and flat shape capable of housing one on top of another up to 3 parallelepipedic pieces joined by simple support from one on top of the other, each tray being able to accommodate up to 20 membranes at a height, or 60 at three heights , in turn each of the up to 5 modules that the treatment unit may have repeat this option.
    9- Fluid treatment unit, of which any porous and hollow flat part manufactured for this or another purpose is used as filter media, characterized in 1-8 and for having a pumping system and a storage tank for the fluid a inject for the auxiliary operation of the filtration unit, and another reservoir to store the collected or permeated fluid from the filtration process.
    10- Fluid treatment unit of which any porous and hollow flat piece manufactured for this or another purpose is used as filter media, characterized in 1-9 and for having an auxiliary tank for the storage of a solution for cleaning the parts Ceramics
    11- Ceramic composition of the pieces used in claims 1-10, characterized by being formed by 50% of conventional clays used in the state of the art to manufacture bricks and other ceramic construction pieces, the other 50% lo they make equal parts aluminum ceramic oxides, either alpha or beta alumina, and carbon
    Micronized indistinctly from this carbon, from the residue of olive or pruning of olive grove or from petroleum coke.
    12- Manufacturing process of a ceramic piece by extrusion of the ceramic composition according to previous revindication that consists of 5 the following phases:
    - mix the defined components with water or fluidizer
    - extrude this paste
    -the extruded pieces are cut in lengths from 30 cm to 200 cm and dried
    10 -finally sintered at 1,250 ° C to get some pieces
    resistant ceramics.
    13- Ceramic composition of the parts used in claims 1-10 characterized by being formed by clays and manufactured according to
    15 state of the art of structural ceramic building materials, characterized in that 25% of the mixture is formed by the following composition, between 40-60% of Si02, between 15-20% of A1203, between 3-6% of Fe203 , between 2-6% of MgO, between 0-4% of CaO, between 2-4% of Na20, between 0-6% of K20, and between 0-2 of Ti02, the other 75% is made up of parts
    20 equal ceramic oxides of Aluminum and Zirconium and micronized carbon from the latter, indistinctly from the carbon, from the olive or pruning residue of olive grove or from petroleum coke.
    14- Extrusion forming procedure of the previous ceramic composition characterized by the following phases:
    25 - mix the defined components with water or fluidizer
    - extrude this paste
    -the extruded pieces are cut in lengths from 30 cm to 200 cm and dried
    30 -finally sintered at 1,250 ° C to get some pieces
    resistant ceramics.
    15- Ceramic composition of the pieces used in claims 1-10 characterized by being formed by clays and manufactured according to the state of the art of structural ceramic building materials,
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    characterized in that 50% of the mixture is composed of 50% kaolinite, 22% magnesite, 13% alpha-quartz, 12% organic matter and 3% remains of Fe, Ca, the other 50% is made up of equal parts ceramic oxides of Aluminum, either alpha and beta alumina, Titanium and Zirconium and micronized carbon indistinctly from this carbon, from the olive or pruning residue of olive grove or from petroleum coke.
    16- Extrusion forming procedure of the previous ceramic composition characterized by consisting of the following phases:
    - mix the defined components with water or fluidizer
    - extrude this paste
    -the extruded pieces are cut in lengths from 30 cm to 200 cm and dried
    -Finally they are sintered at 1,250 ° C to achieve resistant ceramic pieces.
    17- Procedure for adding parts manufactured according to claim 12, of ceramic sheets the procedure consists of the following phases:
    -mix in alcoholic medium oxides of aluminum (33%), titanium (33%) and zirconium (33%) and particle sizes between 1-10 microns, until forming a slip.
    -the previous slip is injected into the ceramic pieces, then the slip is removed leaving a wet sheet attached to the inside of the walls of the pieces.
    -after drying and sintering above 1,000 ° C is fixed to the ceramic piece.
    18- Procedure of adding to the pieces manufactured according to claim 12, of ceramic sheets according to methods of the state of the art, this procedure is composed of the following phases:
    -Mix powders of the following clays proportions 50-70% of Si02, between 10-30% of A1203, between 3-6% of Fe203, between 2-6% of MgO, between 0-4% of CaO, between 2 -4% of Na20, between 0-6%, in alcoholic or aqueous medium until forming a slip.
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    -this slip is injected inside the ceramic pieces, then the slip is removed leaving a wet sheet adhered to the inside of the walls of the pieces,
    -after drying and sintering above 1,000 ° C is fixed to the ceramic piece.
    19- Procedure for adding parts manufactured according to claim 14 and 16 of ceramic sheets, is composed of the following phases:
    -Mix aluminum oxide and particle sizes between 1-75 microns in alcoholic or aqueous medium until forming a slip
    -this slip is injected inside the ceramic pieces, then the slip is removed leaving a wet sheet adhered to the inside of the walls of the pieces,
    -after drying and sintering above 1,000 ° C is fixed to the ceramic piece.
    20- Procedure for adding parts manufactured according to claim 14 and 16 of ceramic sheets the procedure is composed of the following phases:
    -Mix 50% of Kaolinite, 22% of magnesite, 13% of alpha quartz, 12% of organic matter and 3% of remains of Ca and K, mix in alcoholic or aqueous medium until forming a slip.
    -This slip is injected into the ceramic pieces, then the slip is removed, leaving a wet sheet attached to the inside of the walls of the pieces.
    -after drying and sintering above 1,000 ° C is fixed to the ceramic piece.
    21-Ceramic pieces extruded by the method described in claims 12 and 14 and 16 characterized by being of tubular shapes of outer diameters between 32 and 90 mm and parallel cross-sectional sections from 20x200mm to 60x500 mm, and having the maximum of square channels or circular that allows its cross section, between a minimum of channels of 5mm dimensions and 5mm spacing, up to a maximum of 2mm diameter channels and 2mm spacing.
    22- Ceramic sheets claimed in 17 characterized by having thicknesses between 1 and 100 microns manufactured according to methods of the state of the art.
    23- Ceramic sheets claimed in 19 but characterized by 5 having thicknesses between 1 and 100 microns.
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    同族专利:
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    ES2592827R1|2017-03-23|
    ES2592827B1|2017-12-29|
    WO2015055866A1|2015-04-23|
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